Sub-recent nitrogen-isotope trends in sediments from Skagerrak (North Sea) and Kattegat: Changes in N-budgets and N-sources?     

Kirstin Dhnke  Alexandra Serna  Thomas Blanz  Kay-Christian Emeis 《Marine Geology》2008,253(3-4):92-98

We determined ¹⁵N/¹⁴N ratios of total nitrogen in surface sediments and dated sediment cores to reconstruct the history of N-loading of the North Sea. The isotopic N composition in modern surface sediments is equivalent to and reflects the isotopic mixture of oceanic nitrate on the one hand (δ¹⁵N = 5‰) and the imprint of river-borne nitrogen input into the SE North Sea (δ¹⁵N up to 12‰ in estuaries of the SE North Sea) on the other hand. We compare the results with δ¹⁵N records from pre-industrial sediment intervals in cores from the Skagerrak and Kattegat areas, which both constitute significant depositional centres for N in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea/North Sea transition. As expected, isotopically enriched anthropogenic nitrogen was found in the two records from the Kattegat area, which is close to eutrophication sources on land. Enrichment of δ¹⁵N in cores from the Skagerrak – the largest sediment sink for nitrogen in the entire North Sea – was not significant and values were similar to those found in sediment layers representing pre-industrial conditions. We interpret this isotopic uniformity as an indication that most riverine reactive nitrogen with its characteristic isotopic signature is removed by denitrification in shallow shallow-water sediments before reaching the main sedimentary basin of the North Sea.  相似文献   

Field studies of velocity,salinity and suspended solids concentration in a shallow tidal channel near tidal flap gates     

S.B. Mitchell  H.M. Burgess  D.J. Pope  A. Theodoridou 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

The design and operation of mathematical models of solute mixing and sediment transport in estuaries rely heavily on the provision of good-quality field data. We present some observations of salinity, suspended sediment concentration and velocity at one of the tidal limits of a semi-enclosed tidal lagoon in Southern England (Pagham Harbour, West Sussex, UK) where the natural processes of tidal incursion and solute mixing have been heavily modified as a result of the construction of sea walls dating back to the 18th Century. These observations, made immediately downstream of two parallel tidal flap gates by conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler, and also using bed-mounted sensor frames to measure velocity at 2 fixed depths, have yielded a set of results covering 11 tidal cycles over the period 2002–04. It is clear from the results obtained that over a typical tidal cycle, the greatest vertical salinity gradients occur in the 1–2 h immediately after the onset of the flood tide, and that subsequently, energetic mixing acts to rapidly break down this stratification. Under moderate-to-high fresh water flows (>0.5 m³/s), the break-down in vertical salinity gradient is more gradual, while under low fresh water flows (<0.2 m³/s), the vertical salinity gradient is generally less pronounced. Estimates of Richardson number during the early flood-tide period reveal values that vary rapidly between <1 and about 20, with lower values occurring after around 1.5–2 h after low water. Observations of suspended sediment concentration vary widely even for similar tidal and fresh water flow conditions, revealing the possible influence of wind speed, the storage effects of the water in the lagoon downstream of the observation site, and the complexity of the hydrodynamics downstream of tidal flap gates. The data also show that most of the sediment transport is landward, and occurs during flood tides, with estimated total tidal landward flood tide flux of fine sediment of the order of 50–120 kg under low fresh water flow conditions. These observations, which reinforce the results presented in Warner et al. (2004) and elsewhere, can help to provide information about the appropriate techniques for managing sediments and pollutants, including nutrients from sewage effluent waters, in estuaries where hydraulic flap gates are used to control the entry of fresh water over the tidal cycle.  相似文献   

Evaluating fine sediment mobilization and storage in a gravel‐bed river using controlled reservoir releases     

E. L. Petticrew  A. Krein  D. E. Walling 《水文研究》2007,21(2):198-210

Two controlled flow events were generated by releasing water from a reservoir into the Olewiger Bach, located near Trier, Germany. This controlled release of near bank‐full flows allowed an investigation of the fine sediment (<63 µm) mobilized from channel storage. Both a winter (November) and a summer (June) release event were generated, each having very different antecedent flow conditions. The characteristics of the release hydrographs and the associated sediment transport indicated a reverse hysteresis with more mass, but smaller grain sizes, moving on the falling limb. Fine sediment stored to a depth of 10 cm in the gravels decreased following the release events, indicating the dynamic nature and importance of channel‐stored sediments as source materials during high flow events. Sediment traps, filled with clean natural gravel, were buried in riffles before the release of the reservoir water and the total mass of fine sediment collected by the traps was measured following the events. Twice the mass of fine sediment was retained by the gravel traps compared with the natural gravels, which may be due to their altered porosity. Although the amount of fine sediment collected by the traps was not significantly related to measures of gravel structure, it was found to be significantly correlated to measures of local flow velocity and Froude number. A portion of the traps were fitted with lids to restrict surface exchange of water and sediment. These collected the highest amounts of event‐mobilized sediments, indicating that inter‐gravel lateral flows, not just surface infiltration of sediments, are important in replenishing and redistributing the channel‐stored fines. These findings regarding the magnitude and direction of fine sediment movement in gravel beds are significant in both a geomorphic and a biological context. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

海南岛1605年历史地震的海岸沉积记录   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张振克  孟红明  王万芳  李彦明  尤坤元  余克服 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2008,28(3)

海南岛铺前港湾地区1605年发生了华南历史记录的最强烈的地震,地震强度为M7.5,地震造成陆地沉陷成海。根据野外海岸地貌调查和海岸钻孔沉积物岩性特征与粒度、元素比值分析结果,对历史地震的海岸沉积记录进行了初步的研究,4个钻孔位于铺前港湾西岸博度村附近的小型古海湾,昌德、演丰附近的野菠萝岛和道学附近的红树林区潮间带,钻孔沉积记录显示铺前港湾内湾沉陷幅度为2 m,存在明显的差异性,东寨港道学和野菠萝岛附近的钻孔岩心下部为泥状红土,属于成土的风化壳顶部,根据曲口半岛下山村附近的海岸调查,强海洋动力事件形成了高出现代高潮位3.0 m的高位海岸混杂沉积体,可能与1605年地震下沉引发的类似海啸的沉积事件相关。  相似文献   

海洋沉积物的顺序淋滤萃取分析研究现状与发展趋势     

高玉花  于增慧  刘菲菲  董明明 《海洋湖沼通报》2008,(1):140-145

在过去几十年里,为了探索海洋沉积物中元素的赋存形态,发展了很多分离沉积物中不同元素结合态的淋滤萃取方法。这些方法对于了解沉积物中微量元素的来源、迁移、分散、活动、生物化学及物理化学行为等特征具有重要的意义,并且在海洋地球化学和海洋环境污染研究中已得到广泛应用。本文综合论述了海洋沉积物的顺序淋滤萃取分析方法的研究进展,介绍了两种影响较大的方法,对其选用的萃取试剂以及分析流程进行了详细讨论,并比较了方法的优点和不足。  相似文献   

A model of turbidity maximum maintenance in the Irish Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K.M. Ellis  C.E. Binding  D.G. Bowers  S.E. Jones  J.H. Simpson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,76(4):765-774

A two-dimensional model has been developed in order to improve understanding of the processes which interact to maintain the sediment concentrations at an isolated turbidity maximum in the Irish Sea throughout the year. The model comprises two interchangeable populations of particles with different diameters, one of fine cohesive material, the other made up of flocs. Both populations are slow settling, and subject to horizontal diffusion, resuspension, settling, aggregation and disaggregation.The equations used to describe the processes of aggregation and the break-up of flocs in response to sediment concentration and turbulent shear have been developed by the tuning of the model to observations. Due to high turbulent shear at the turbidity maximum, the particles are predominantly fine, while the sediment in the surrounding water is made up of larger flocs. Diffusion of small particles out of the turbidity maximum balanced by the diffusion of aggregated material towards it provides a mechanism for its maintenance. The modelled sediment concentrations at the turbidity maximum can be reproduced year-on-year, with no loss due to diffusive processes. This is achievable with a limited, exhaustible source of material which is not replenished once resuspended.Through comparison with satellite imagery the correlation of the modelled sediment concentrations with observations is investigated, both spatially and temporally. The seasonal cycle is reproduced well by the model with winter and summer concentrations matching those observed. Spatially the model also performs well in both turbid regions and those where the surface sediment load is low.  相似文献   

东海赤潮高发区表层沉积物中部分脂类标记物的分布与来源   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

褚宏大  苏荣国  王修林  王江涛  曹芳  卢璐 《海洋科学》2008,32(10):68-76

通过对2005年和2006年东海赤潮高发区表层沉积物部分脂类标记物（正构烷烃、脂肪酸等）的分析，初步探讨了表层沉积物有机物的来源。沉积物中正构烷烃的碳优势指数Icp值及姥鲛烷／植烷的质量比（Pr／Ph）普遍较低，而n-C16,n-C18的质量分数较高。分析表明，石油烃是东海赤潮高发区表层沉积物脂肪烃的主要成分。来源于细菌、海洋微藻和陆生高等植物的脂肪酸如直链饱和脂肪酸、支链饱和脂肪酸、不（多不）饱和脂肪酸等在2005～2006年间的组成和分布比较稳定：直链脂肪酸含量普遍较高，其次为支链脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸，多不饱和脂肪酸含量相对较少。利用生物标记物分析表明，海洋自生生物源（细菌、海洋微藻等）是沉积物中脂肪酸的主要来源，陆源脂肪酸对东海赤潮高发区表层沉积物的贡献较小。  相似文献   

青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积粒度特征及其古环境意义_^*          下载免费PDF全文

田庆春  石小静  石培宏 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

选择青藏高原腹地可可西里为研究区,通过对该区湖泊沉积物粒度参数的分析,并且与其他环境代用指标进行比较。探讨了中更新世以来可可西里地区的环境演变。结果表明：粒度参数的变化特征可以很好的指示湖泊水位的变化,能反映湖区气候的变化情况,而粒度参数所指示的湖泊水位波动及环境变化得到了其他环境代用指标很好的支持了。说明对沉积物粒度研究是恢复区域气候环境变化的一种有效途径。同时该区湖泊沉积物粒度参数的变化规律和深海氧同位素曲线在冰期-间冰期旋回尺度上有较好的一致性,但也出现不同的变化特征,说明本区既表现出全球一致的气候特征,但也受区域气候变化影响,这可能与青藏高原的抬升有一定关系,因此,本研究对研究区域气候与全球气候之间的关系有重要意义。  相似文献   

Numerical prediction on the scour burial of cylinder object freely resting on the sandy seabed in the East China Sea using the DRAMBUIE model1     

Chong-guang PANG  Li-qian LIU  Kun LI 《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)

After experiencing 8-day combined tidal current, circulation and wave actions, scour depth surrounding cylinder object freely resting on sandy seabed in the East China Sea (ECS) in January is numerical...  相似文献   

酸洗法测定海洋沉积物有机碳和无机碳含量的致命缺陷   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

凌晨  刘志飞  张靖雯  赵玉龙  张艳伟  Fernandez Adrian R. 《海洋学报(英文版)》2020,39(8):96-102

Organic and inorganic carbon contents of marine sediments are important to reconstruct marine productivity,global carbon cycle, and climate change. A proper method to separate and determine organic and inorganic carbons is thus of great necessity. Although the best method is still disputable, the acid leaching method is widely used in many laboratories because of its ease-of-use and high accuracy. The results of the elemental analysis of sediment trap samples reveal that organic and inorganic carbon contents cannot be obtained using the acid leaching method, causing an infinitely amplified error when the carbon content of the decarbonated sample is 12%±1% according to a mathematical derivation. Acid fumigation and gasometric methods are used for comparison, which indicates that other methods can avoid this problem in organic carbon analysis. For the first time, this study uncovers the pitfalls of the acid leaching method, which limits the implication in practical laboratory measurement, and recommends alternative solutions of organic/inorganic carbon determination in marine sediments.  相似文献